Republic Day (Nepali: गणतन्त्र दिवस) is a special day in the history of Nepal that commemorates the inception of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal on May 29, 2008.
Modern Nepal came into existence in 1768, when the king of Gorkha, Prithivi Narayan Shah conquered the Kathmandu Valley and unified a number of small independent states. In 1846, Jung Bahadur Rana founded the Rana dynasty that ruled the country until 1951. The prime minister and other government positions were made hereditary and the monarch had no real power. Dissatisfaction with the Rana regime led to the 1951 revolution which ended the Rana oligarchy. The country was constitutional monarchy after the end of the Rana rule, but in 1960, King Mahendra suspended the constitution, assuming absolute power under the Panchayat regime. After the People’s Movement in 1990 that brought an end to the Panchayat, constitutional monarchy was reestablished and King Birendra brought about several democratic reforms.
In 1991, an elected government was formed for the first time in 32 years. However, the new government’s policy led to an economic crisis. The Maoist revolution that began in the early 1990s eventually transformed into a full-scale civil war. The Democracy movement in 2006, resulting from the seven party alliance, brought the civil war to an end and spearheaded the Maoists into mainstream politics. The Constituent Assembly was elected in 2008, ending the monarchy and successively, the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal was declared as a parliamentary republic.
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